Global hydro-climatological indicators and changes in the global hydrological cycle and rainfall patterns

There are few commonly used indicators that describe the state of Earth’s global hydrological cycle and here we propose three to capture how an increased greenhouse effect influences associated rainfall patterns. They are: i) 24-hr total rainfall, ii) surface area with daily precipitation, iii) mean precipitation intensity. With a recent progress in both satellite observations reanalyses, can now estimate provide new insights into intensity changes over time. Based on ERA5 reanalysis, find decreased from 43 41% between 1950 2020, whereas 1440 Gt 1510 per day. However, estimated varies when different reanalyses estimates still uncertain. To further investigate historical variations area, carried out wavelet analysis reanalysis indicated patterns have changed Our results suggest individual systems globe shrunk terms their spatial extent while becoming more intense throughout period 1950–2020. Hence, line acceleration rate cycle, combined diminishing rainfall.